Cysts

Epidermoid (or sebaceous) Cysts
Epidermoid cysts are small, benign bumps filled with keratin, a protein essential for forming skin, hair, and nails. They occur from a proliferation of epidermal cells within the deeper dermis layer, and skin cells build up beneath this blockage. Epidermoid cysts typically occur on the face, neck, or torso but can occur across the body and have a small hole called a punctum. In rare cases, epidermoid cysts can be caused by an inherited condition called Gardner syndrome.

Pilar Cysts
A pilar cyst (also called a trichilemmal cyst) is a benign (non-cancerous), fluid-filled lump that forms under the skin, most commonly on the scalp. They originate from a hair follicle and are usually mobile under the skin.
Epidermal Inclusion Cysts
Following an injury, the epidermal cells become buried and form a sac which then enlarges and becomes a larger cyst. The appearance is similar to an epidermoid cyst.

Ganglion Cysts
Ganglion cysts are round, gel-filled lumps of tissue that appear along tendons or joints. Fluid accumulation can occur due to injury, trauma, or degenerative change, but often the cause is unknown. A ganglion cyst is common, harmless, and doesn’t cause pain or difficulties unless it grows and puts pressure on other structures. Ganglion cysts can occur in the hands, wrists, ankles, and feet.

Treatment for cysts may be necessary if they cause discomfort, are cosmetically undesirable, or show signs of infection.

Common Treatments:

• Observation: Regular monitoring of cysts for any changes, especially if they are not causing any symptoms. This involves periodic check-ups with a doctor to ensure the cyst does not grow or become problematic.
• Draining: A procedure where the cyst is punctured and fluid or pus is drained using a needle or an incision. This is often a temporary solution as the cyst may refill with fluid over time. Draining is typically performed in a sterile environment to reduce the risk of infection.
• Surgical Removal: Complete excision of the cyst to prevent recurrence or surgically removed if necessary. This is often recommended for cysts that are painful, have beeninfected, or have a high likelihood of returning. Surgical removal involves cutting out the entire cyst and its wall, ensuring it does not grow back, and cannot be done when acutely infected.
• Medication: Antibiotics may be prescribed if the cyst is infected. In cases where cysts are associated with acne or other skin conditions, additional medications such as retinoids or anti-inflammatory drugs may be used to reduce symptoms and prevent further cyst formation.